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One notable case is the case of R. v. Mabior, which was a 2012 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada.

In this case, the defendant, Mr. Mabior, was HIV-positive and had unprotected sex with two women without disclosing his HIV status. He was charged with aggravated sexual assault, which carries a maximum sentence of life in prison. Mr. Mabior argued that he should not be convicted of aggravated sexual assault because the women had not contracted HIV as a result of their sexual encounters with him. However, the Supreme Court of Canada disagreed, ruling that the risk of transmission alone was sufficient to establish the offense of aggravated sexual assault.

The Mabior case is significant because it clarified the law regarding the criminal liability of individuals who know they are HIV-positive and engage in sexual activity without disclosing their status to their partners. The decision also established that the risk of transmission alone can be enough to establish the offense of aggravated sexual assault.